Long Term Outcomes for Carotid Artery

Int J Cardiol. 2014 Oct 20;176(3):776-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.07.090. Epub 2014 Aug 17.

Increased carotid intima-media thickness predicts cardiovascular events in aortic coarctation.

Luijendijk P1, Lu H2, Heynneman FB3, Huijgen R4, de Groot EE4, Vriend JW5, Vliegen HW6, Groenink M2, Bouma BJ2, Mulder BJ7.

Author information

 

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • 2Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  • 3Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • 4Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  • 5Department of Cardiology, Haga Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands.
  • 6Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
  • 7Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: b.j.mulder@amc.uva.nl.

There are several factors that can cause damage to a man with erectile dysfunction, along with low sperm count increased sperm mortality and loss of sex drive. purchase cheap levitra Your brain can distract due to some other thoughts and become foggy discount viagra online due to these harmful foods. Take a healthy diet This is the main thing you are dealing with will have been conquered already with the help of an experienced counselor. buy cheap cialis It offers effective treatment for fungal infections, flatulence, abdominal disorders, and buy cialis india lung diseases.
Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Adult post-coarctectomy patients (CoA) demonstrate increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a marker for atherosclerosis, is increased in CoA. The aim was to evaluate the predictive value of CIMT for cardiovascular events.

METHODS AND RESULTS:

Consecutive CoA patients were prospectively studied during 10.1±0.7years follow-up. At baseline and follow-up echocardiography, MRI imaging and CIMT imaging were performed, while cardiovascular events were registered. CIMT data were compared with controls. The composite endpoint included: myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular events (CVAs), and (sudden) cardiac death. 160 CoA patients were studied (median age 31.7 (18-74years), 64% male). Events occurred in 11 patients (7%), five (3%) with myocardial infarction, four (2.5%) with an ischemic CVA and two (1%) died suddenly. An increased CIMT (≥0.8mm) (HR=15.44, P=<0.001) was predictive for the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Baseline CIMT was increased in CoA compared to controls (0.64±0.12mm vs 0.57±0.07mm, P=0.005). CIMT progression rates were similar (0.0091±0.016mm/year vs 0.0097±0.018mm/year, P=0.84). Signs of atherosclerosis occurred significantly earlier in CoA patients.

CONCLUSION:

The contemporary cardiovascular event rate in CoA is 11% in 10years. Atherosclerosis seems to appear earlier in CoA patients as compared to controls. CoA patients with a CIMT exceeding 0.8mm have a fifteen fold higher cardiovascular risk. CIMT seems to be a useful tool for cardiovascular risk assessment in CoA.