Long Term Outcomes for Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension in young adults with repaired coarctation of the aorta: an unrecognised factor associated with premature mortality and heart failure.

Authors

Oliver JM¹, Gallego P², Gonzalez AE³, Sanchez-Recalde A³, Bret M⁴, Aroca A⁵.

Author information

Journal

Int J Cardiol. 2014 Jun 15;174(2):324-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.04.060. Epub 2014 Apr 15.

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Adults with repaired coarctation of the aorta (CoA) are at risk for premature cardiovascular death or heart failure (HF). We sought to evaluate risk factors for death or HF in young adults with repaired CoA in childhood.

METHODS: The medical records of a cohort of 159 adults diagnosed with CoA repaired at a mean age of 4.1 ± 5.7 years were retrospectively reviewed to identify predictors of a combined endpoint of all cause death or hospitalisation for HF by using Cox proportional hazard models.

RESULTS: Over a follow-up of 26 ± 8 years (median 27 years) after repair, 5 patients died and 7 developed HF requiring hospitalisation. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure >40 mm Hg (PH) was the main predictor of death or admission for HF (HR 32; 95% CI 4.0-250; p=0.001). Neither systemic hypertension, recoarctation, aortic aneurysm, intracardiac lesions nor treatment with beta-blockers or ACEi/ARBs were statistically related to death or HF. Restrictive left ventricular physiology (RLVP) was the main predictor of PH by logistic regression analysis (OR 31; 95% CI 10-92; p<0.001). Patients with severe PH (pulmonary artery systolic pressure >60 mm Hg) showed RLVP (9/10), severe elevation of end-diastolic LV pressure at cardiac catheterization (8/8) and subendocardial late gadolinium enhancement on MRI (5/5). Pathological examination of an explanted heart demonstrated extensive left ventricular subendocardial fibrosis.

CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary hypertension related to restrictive left ventricular physiology was the strongest predictor of death or HF in young adults with CoA repaired in childhood. Persistent subendocardial fibrosis might be the structural substrate in some patients.

PMID 24768463 [PubMed – in process]

Elsevier Science: Full text